諾如病毒

近期在本港經常聽到諾如病毒感染個案,接連出現群組感染。

兩周前,一艘在加勒比海航行的公主號遊輪上亦有逾一百五十人感染諾如病毒。郵輪上,乘客之間接觸密切,船上設有公共餐廳,使諾如病毒更易在密閉空間的人群中傳播。

這幾十年來,諾如病毒感染病例變得愈來愈頻繁和廣泛。隨着食品供應全球化,一個地區生產的受污染食材被運往另一個國家,很易導致病毒在多地傳播。海洋暖化亦導致海產更易受諾如病毒污染,因較高的溫度會促進水中有害微生物的生長。

諾如病毒,俗稱「腸胃型流感」,是傳染性極強的病毒,可引起噁心、嘔吐、腹瀉和腹痛等胃腸道症狀。病毒可透過食物、水或物體表面被病毒污染時傳播。常見的食物污染來源,包括生吃或未煮熟受污染的貝殼類海產,如生蠔、青口等;毋須加熱烹煮,在製備過程中受感染的即食食品,如沙律、三文治等,也被視為高風險食品。

預防病毒感染並不難,最關鍵的是徹底煮熟食品。生熟食物應使用不同砧板和餐具,並定期清潔消毒表面。若懷疑自己感染諾如病毒,必須補充水份並及早延醫治理!諾如病毒引起的腹瀉和嘔吐會迅速導致身體脫水,故必須補水並避免攝取咖啡因而加重脫水。由於病毒可透過被污染的物體表面傳播,懷疑感染人士須避免與老人、小孩及孕婦接觸。

接連的感染個案,提醒我們這種病毒傳播速度之快,足以短時間令很多人被感染!透過了解常見諾如病毒食物污染來源、保持良好的食物衞生習慣及掌握感染後的症狀管理,可降低感染風險,並在生病後更有效地康復。

營養師信箱:natural_plus@outlook.com

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