樓價高置業難 美國縣政府允許流動迷你屋合法居住

美國加州內華達縣早前通過新法例,正式將「流動迷你屋」合法化,允許居民長期居住,以緩解當地房屋短缺問題,為中低收入人士提供了一個更可負擔的置業選擇,美國經驗或可讓香港人重新思考買樓定義。

樓價高置業難,美國縣政府允許流動迷你屋合法居住。資料圖片。(Getty Images)
樓價高置業難,美國縣政府允許流動迷你屋合法居住。資料圖片。(Getty Images) · Tony Anderson via Getty Images

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美股外幣即時報價 多國新聞任睇

內華達縣(Nevada County)樓價處於近年高位,2020年1 月住宅中位數為43.8萬美元,到去年6 月曾飆升到73.5萬,導致不少低收入至中產階級居民無法負擔傳統房屋。根據新法例,居民可以合法居住於流動迷你屋,不再受限於以往每年只可居住90天的規定,為很多希望擁有屬於自己的家的人提供了一個新出路。

所謂流動迷你屋(Tiny Home on Wheels,THOW)是一種建造在汽車拖卡上的小型住宅,與傳統房屋不同,移動迷你屋沒有地基,可按需要由貨車遷移至不同地點,其面積通常介乎 100 至 400 方尺,裡面設有基本生活設施,如廚房、浴室、睡眠區和客廳。

加州流動透你屋市場大,當地家居展覽亦有展出相關產品。資料圖片。 (Walt Mancini/MediaNews Group/Pasadena Star-News via Getty Images)
加州流動透你屋市場大,當地家居展覽亦有展出相關產品。資料圖片。 (Walt Mancini/MediaNews Group/Pasadena Star-News via Getty Images) · MediaNews Group/Los Angeles Daily News via Getty Images via Getty Images

流動迷你屋的最大優勢在於其價格,以當地市場為例,一間300至400平方呎的迷你屋售價約為10萬至20萬美元(約78萬至156萬港元),相對之下,美國傳統獨立屋的平均價格超過50萬美元,不過這些價格比較香港簡直是濕濕碎。香港樓市連跌三年,納米樓更成為蝕讓重災區,上月一個粉嶺高爾夫‧御苑280平呎單位,以288萬元易手,呎價達10,286元。

不過住這些平價房屋亦有特別規定,內華達縣毋須流動迷你屋符合加州建築法規(California Building Code),但必須經美國國家標準協會(ANSI)或國家防火保護協會(NFPA)檢查,並每年向車輛管理局(DMV)申請登記。

流動迷你屋彈性大,可隨需要移動。資料圖片。(Getty Images)
流動迷你屋彈性大,可隨需要移動。資料圖片。(Getty Images) · Katie Dobies via Getty Images

雖然流動迷你屋提供一個平價住屋選擇,但它並毫無缺點,首先土地使用仍受法例限制,住戶需要找到適合的停泊流動屋;此外房屋本身的供水、電力及排污系統仍需額外安排,這可能帶來額外成本,有些房屋索性用乾燥式馬桶,也是有人人都習慣。

然而對一些人來說,移動迷你屋可能是理想的過渡選擇,不但適合年輕人首次置業,也可用作長者或學生的獨立居所,當地生產迷你屋的公司亦將建造量加倍,而當地政府亦正研究更多支持可負擔房屋的法例。

對於香港而言,房屋供應短缺問題由來已久,雖然移動迷你屋無法直接適用於香港,但近年香港的納米樓、「組合屋」等等,已經將這種概念發揮得淋漓盡致,差別是同樣面積,香港要貴上好幾倍。

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