中國研究人員研發穩定運行 1,100 小時的新型鋅空氣電池

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中國的研究團隊最近開發了一種新型鋅空氣電池,能夠在超過 1,100 小時內維持穩定的充放電操作。這些電池由東華大學及其合作機構的研究人員研製,靈活的電池原型進一步展示了其強大的機械穩定性,能夠在反覆彎曲的情況下保持性能。

研究人員引入了一種 p-n 雜接面催化劑,該催化劑將石墨相氮化碳與碳納米纖維網絡結合,後者擁有雙鈷活性位點。在光照的作用下,該催化劑顯著加速了氧的還原和演變反應,從而提高了功率密度、改善了能量效率,並在液體和靈活的鋅空氣電池配置中實現了前所未有的循環穩定性。這項研究為鋅空氣電池向實際應用的推進提供了一種多功能的策略,包括電網規模的能量儲存、可穿戴電子產品和太陽能輔助電力系統。

鋅空氣電池以其高理論能量密度而受到重視。研究人員指出,鋅空氣電池具備固有的安全性及豐富的原材料,這使得它們在大規模能量儲存和靈活電子產品方面具有吸引力。然而,它們在實際應用中的部署受到空氣電極上氧化學反應緩慢的限制,這導致了高過電位、有限的功率密度和快速的性能衰退。

這項研究的核心創新在於在單一空氣電極結構中合理整合了光活性和電催化作用。催化劑由石墨相氮化碳納米片與自支撐的碳納米纖維框架結合,框架中嵌入了兩個互補的鈷活性位點:被碳納米管包裹的鈷納米顆粒和原子分散的 Co–N₄ 基團。這一設計形成了一種類型 II 的 p-n 雜接面,能夠在光照下促進方向性電荷傳輸。

在照明下,光生電子向導電碳框架遷移,以驅動氧的還原反應,而孔則在相鄰位點促進氧的演變反應。這一空間分離抑制了電荷重組,降低了反應能量障礙。電化學測量顯示,在光照下,氧反應的過電位差僅為 0.684 V,優於許多最先進的雙功能催化劑。

實際鋅空氣電池的組裝中,這一光增強系統實現了 310 mW cm⁻² 的峰值功率密度,並在超過 1,100 小時內保持穩定的充放電操作。研究人員還強調,光增強的靈活鋅空氣電池能夠達到 96 mW cm⁻² 的峰值功率密度,並能夠在嚴苛的操作下承受 0° 至 180° 的廣泛彎曲角度。

這項工作為設計高效的光電催化劑和推進下一代太陽能電化學能量轉換系統提供了一個新平台。更廣泛地說,這項研究突顯了一條有前景的途徑,將太陽能直接整合進電化學能量儲存中,可能在可再生能源收集與高效能量利用之間架起橋樑。

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